# Biofuels and Sustainable Aviation Fuel

**URL:** https://thecodex.expert/energy/biofuels/
**Session:** 23 | **Date:** 2026-05-04

## Summary

Biofuels are liquid fuels from biological feedstocks — the primary pathway to decarbonise aviation and shipping that cannot be electrified. Ethanol: Brazil sugarcane (Raízen 22.73S 47.65W, ~2B litres/yr), USA corn (POET Iowa 42.00N 93.62W, ~8B litres/yr). HVO: Neste Porvoo Finland (60.40N 25.65E, 3.3 MT/yr world's largest), Neste Rotterdam (51.90N 4.30E). SAF: World Energy Paramount California (33.77N 118.19W, 50M gallons/yr), India IOC Delhi trial (28.56N 77.10E). EU ReFuelEU: 2% SAF 2025 → 70% by 2050. IATA target 5% by 2030 (currently 0.1% — requires 50× scale-up). SAF cost $1,500-3,000/tonne vs $700 conventional jet. Sources: IEA Bioenergy 2023, IATA SAF 2024, Neste AR 2023.