# Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) — The Energy Codex

**URL:** https://thecodex.expert/energy/ccs/
**Session:** 21 | **Date:** 2026-05-03

## Summary

CCS captures CO₂ from industrial sources or air and injects it permanently underground. Global deployment 2023: ~45 MT/year. IEA NZE 2050 requirement: 7.6 Gtonne/year — a 170× gap. Named projects: Sleipner Norway (58.37N 1.85E, ~1 MT/yr, operational 1996 — world's first CCS), Northern Lights Norway (60.52N 5.02E, operational 2024 — offshore CO₂ terminal), Quest Canada (57.36N 112.04W, ~1 MT/yr, Shell), Boundary Dam Saskatchewan (49.24N 103.04W — world's first coal plant CCS). DAC: Orca Iceland (64.00N 21.00W, 4,000 t/yr, Climeworks 2021 — world's first commercial), Mammoth Iceland (64.08N 22.69W, 36,000 t/yr, 2024 — world's largest), Stratos Texas (31.50N 103.50W, 500,000 t/yr target, Occidental 2024). Costs: industrial CCS $50-100/tonne, DAC $300-1,000/tonne. India: no deployment, 572 Gt geological storage potential (DST). Sources: IEA CCUS 2024, Global CCS Institute 2023.