# Canada Energy Profile — Complete Reference

**URL:** https://thecodex.expert/energy/countries/canada/
**Session:** 31 | **Date:** 2026-07-09

## Summary

Canada is the world's fourth-largest oil producer (~5.5M bbl/day, 2024, CER/EIA), with ~94% of its 165-169 billion barrel reserve base being oil-sands bitumen from Alberta (Athabasca, Cold Lake, Peace River). Oil sands supply ~65% of production, extracted by surface mining or in-situ SAGD steam injection. Canada supplies over half of all US crude oil imports. Trans Mountain Expansion (TMX), completed May 2024, is Canada's only Pacific-coast pipeline, capacity raised from 300,000 to 890,000 bbl/day. Electricity: ~60% hydropower (world's 3rd/4th-largest hydro producer), ~13-15% nuclear, ~84% total non-emitting generation. Bruce Nuclear Generating Station (Ontario, 8 CANDU reactors, ~6,400 MW) is the world's largest operating nuclear plant by reactor count. Robert-Bourassa (Quebec, 5,616 MW) and Churchill Falls (Newfoundland and Labrador, 5,428 MW) are among the world's largest hydro stations. CANDU reactors use natural unenriched uranium with heavy-water moderation, exported to South Korea, Romania, China, and India. Ontario completed North America's first full coal phase-out in 2014. Sources: Canada Energy Regulator, US EIA Country Analysis Brief: Canada 2024, World Nuclear Association.