# Netherlands Energy Profile — Complete Reference

**URL:** https://thecodex.expert/energy/countries/netherlands/
**Session:** 34 | **Date:** 2026-07-09

## Summary

Netherlands discovered the Groningen gas field in 1959 — Europe's largest, ~2,740 Bcm recoverable at discovery. Extraction from 1963 made the Netherlands a major gas exporter (~$442bn state revenue over its lifetime) but caused induced earthquakes from 1991 (~1,470 recorded 1986-2018), leading to permanent closure on 1 October 2023 (final wells shut Oct 2024), turning the Netherlands into a net gas importer. Rotterdam is Europe's largest port and refining hub (~1.2M bbl/day combined capacity, including Shell Pernis, the largest single unit). Offshore wind: ~4.7 GW operating as of 2026 (including Borssele, 752 MW), targeting ~21 GW by 2032 (delayed from 2030), with IJmuiden Ver (6 GW planned) among the largest offshore wind zones globally, and long-term ambitions of 70 GW by 2050. Sources: Wikipedia, France 24, Gas Outlook, NedZero, S&P Global, RVO.nl.