# Sweden Energy Profile — Complete Reference

**URL:** https://thecodex.expert/energy/countries/sweden/
**Session:** 50 | **Date:** 2026-07-09

## Summary

Sweden's electricity is ~93-98% carbon-free (hydro ~40-42%, nuclear ~26-30%, wind ~20-23%). Net exporter (>20% of generation exported, 2023). 2016 Energy Agreement legally commits to net zero by 2045, 100% fossil-free electricity by 2040. Post-1980 referendum (after Three Mile Island), Sweden phased out nuclear, closing plants including both Barseback units, shrinking fleet from 12 reactors to current 6 (all built 1970s-80s). Policy reversed: parliament passed legislation financing ~4 new large reactors (~5,000 MW) or SMR equivalent, half online by 2035, IEA-referenced 2.5 GW new capacity target by 2035. Demand projected to ~double to ~300 TWh over 2 decades, driven by industrial electrification (fossil-free steel). District heating (700+ companies) heavily biomass-reliant due to high carbon tax on heating fuels; Sweden has EU's highest renewable heating/cooling share (~69%, 2022 Eurostat). Transport remains majority fossil-fuel powered, the main remaining obstacle to 2045 target. Sources: IEA Sweden 2024 Country Report, Enerdata, Wikipedia, Low Carbon Power, Business Sweden, Reuters/Metals and Miners.