# Energy Poverty — 750 Million Without Electricity

**URL:** https://thecodex.expert/energy/poverty/
**Session:** 21 | **Date:** 2026-05-03

## Summary

Energy poverty: 750 million without electricity (IEA 2023, 80%+ in Sub-Saharan Africa — Nigeria 9.05N 8.91E, Ethiopia 9.15N 40.49E, DRC 4.04S 21.76E), 2.3 billion without clean cooking (WHO). Household air pollution from dirty cooking kills 3.2 million/year (WHO) — more than malaria. India: 99.9%+ electrification via Saubhagya scheme 2017-2019; quality remains poor (4-8 hr load shedding rural). PMUY (Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana): 96 million LPG connections to BPL households by 2023 — 40% refill rate challenge. Off-grid solar PAYG companies (BBOXX, d.light, M-KOPA) reach 30 million in Africa. Fuel poverty in wealthy nations: UK 3.2M households (2023), EU 10.6%. Sources: IEA WEO 2024, WHO 2023, World Bank SDG7 2023.