{"id":"brahmasphutasiddhanta","domain":"indian-mathematics","type":"Work","title":"Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta","slug":"brahmasphutasiddhanta","url":"/mathematics/indian-mathematics/brahmasphutasiddhanta/","composed":"628 CE","author":"Brahmagupta","language":"Sanskrit","chapters":25,"summary":"First text with systematic arithmetic rules for zero and negative numbers. Contains Brahmagupta's formula for cyclic quadrilateral area. Translated into Arabic c. 771 CE.","added_to_codex":"2026-05-27","last_verified":"2026-05-27","sources":[{"tier":1,"citation":"Plofker, K. (2009). Mathematics in India. Princeton University Press.","pages":"150–181"},{"tier":1,"citation":"Colebrooke, H.T. (1817). Algebra, with Arithmetic and Mensuration. John Murray."},{"tier":2,"citation":"Dvivedin, S. (1902). Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta. Benares."},{"tier":3,"citation":"Joseph, G.G. (2011). The Crest of the Peacock. Princeton University Press.","pages":"223–248"}],"relationships":[{"type":"authored_by","target":"brahmagupta","label":"Brahmagupta"},{"type":"introduces","target":"zero","label":"Zero arithmetic"},{"type":"part_of_tradition","target":"indian-mathematics-overview","label":"Indian Mathematics"},{"type":"predecessor","target":"aryabhatiya","label":"Āryabhaṭīya (499 CE)"}],"entry_status":"live","reading_levels_available":["curious","exploring","deep_dive"],"completeness":1.0,"codex_version":"1.2"}