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Live Knowledge core Quoted from the texts Verified September 2026

Standards

Almost every word printed on a watch is governed by something: a law, a standard, a certificate, or nothing at all. The difference between those four is the most useful thing anyone can learn about watches, and it is all written down.

This page documents who sets the rules a watch can be measured against, in the Watch Codex. It quotes the ordinances, the standards catalogues, the test procedures and the cantonal statutes themselves, and it says which body is speaking every time. It ranks nothing and recommends nothing. No certification here is called stricter, better or more meaningful than another; no watch is called accurate; no figure is converted, rounded or estimated. Where two official sources disagree (and on this page several do), both are shown. Where a requirement sits behind a paywall, this page says so instead of guessing at it.

Curious

Four kinds of words on a dial

Before any individual rule, the useful distinction: not everything printed on a watch means the same kind of thing.

Look at the printing on a watch and you are reading four different kinds of statement at once, which is why they are so easy to confuse.

  • A legal origin claim. “Swiss Made” and “Glashütte” are governed by ordinances, enacted by governments, enforced by customs authorities. Getting them wrong is a legal matter, not a reputational one.
  • A certification from a named body. “Chronometer”, “Master Chronometer”, the Poinçon de Genève: each has an organisation behind it, a published procedure, and a test a watch either passed or did not.
  • A conformity claim against a standard. A depth rating, a shock rating, an antimagnetic claim. These point at ISO standards, whose actual requirements almost nobody printing them has read, because they are sold, not published.
  • A phrase with nothing behind it. “In-house”, “manufacture”, “limited edition”. No body defines them. The glossary says so entry by entry, and says which terms this Codex could find no authority for at all.

What this page does not tell you

It does not tell you whether any of this matters to you, or which certification to look for. Those are questions about what you value, and this Codex has no view on them. What it can do is tell you exactly what each claim commits its maker to, which is the part that is actually knowable.

Curious

Swiss Made: the one that is law

Two words, five conditions, one percentage that applies twice. Read from the ordinance itself, in French, because no official English version exists.

“Swiss Made” is not a certification and nobody awards it. It is a condition in a federal ordinance, the Ordonnance réglant l'utilisation du nom «Suisse» pour les montres, dated 23 December 1971 and carrying the classified-compilation number RS 232.119.[RS 232.119] The Federal Council made it under article 50, paragraph 2 of the Trade Mark Protection Act of 28 August 1992.[RS 232.119] Swiss law is authentic only in German, French and Italian; there is no official English text, so every English rendering below is this Codex's, and the French is quoted alongside it.

The ordinance first has to say what a watch is. Article 1 covers time-measuring devices meant to be worn on the wrist, and devices whose main function is measuring time where the movement does not exceed 60 mm in width, length or diameter, or whose thickness measured with the mainplate and bridges does not exceed 14 mm.[RS 232.119] That definition does real work: it is why the rules below attach to a wristwatch and not to a clock.

A Swiss watch then has to satisfy five conditions, all at once. Article 1a lists them as a, abis, b, c and d: technical development carried out in Switzerland; a Swiss movement; casing-up in Switzerland; final inspection by the manufacturer in Switzerland; and at least 60 % of the coût de revient generated in Switzerland.[RS 232.119] The last one reads, in full: dont 60 % au minimum du coût de revient sont générés en Suisse.[RS 232.119] Note what the text does not say. It does not say “of the watch”: the watch is the base only because article 1a's subject is the watch. The words themselves are just coût de revient.

And the movement has to satisfy its own set, with a second percentage. Article 2 paragraph 1 requires a Swiss movement to be developed, assembled and inspected in Switzerland, to have 60 % of its own coût de revient generated in Switzerland, and separately qui est de fabrication suisse pour 50 % au moins de la valeur de toutes les pièces constitutives, mais sans le coût de l'assemblage.[RS 232.119] That final clause is the one people drop: the 50 % is of the value of the constituent parts excluding the cost of assembling them. Paragraph 2 then allows the assembly cost back into the calculation where a certification procedure provides certain guarantees, so “assembly cost is excluded” is the paragraph 1 rule rather than an absolute one.[RS 232.119]

“Assembled in Switzerland” is itself defined, and defined strictly: article 2b says a movement counts as assembled in Switzerland when all its constituent parts are assembled in Switzerland.[RS 232.119] And article 2c lists what comes out of the coût de revient before the percentages are worked out, among them natural products that cannot be produced in Switzerland for natural reasons, packaging, transport, and marketing costs such as promotion.[RS 232.119]

A date almost everyone gets wrong, including this Codex's first draft

The ordinance's own entry-into-force article states La présente ordonnance entre en vigueur le 1er janvier 1972.[RS 232.119] The familiar date of 1 January 2017 appears nowhere in the numbered articles. It lives in the transitional provision to the amendment of 17 June 2016, which allowed watches made between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2018 that failed the new technical-development conditions to be placed on the market under the old rules only until 31 December 2020.[RS 232.119] The Federal Council's own press release of 17 June 2016 is headed with the 2017 date and says the Council a approuvé aujourd'hui la révision partielle de l'ordonnance «Swiss made» pour les montres et fixé la date de son entrée en vigueur au 1er janvier 2017.[Federal Council] So: the ordinance is from 1971 and in force since 1972; the version everyone means is in force since 2017.

The Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property describes what the 2016 revision changed, in English, on its own site: the revised ordinance entered into force on 1 January 2017;[Swiss IPI] at least 60 % of the costs of manufacturing a complete watch must be generated in Switzerland unlike previously, whereby this rule applied only to the watch movement itself;[Swiss IPI] the movement must still have at least half its value in Swiss components and 60 % of its manufacturing costs generated in Switzerland;[Swiss IPI] and technical development of both watch and movement must take place in Switzerland.[Swiss IPI] Read the IPI's wording as the IPI's, not as a translation of record: its “at least half of its value” drops the ordinance's mais sans le coût de l'assemblage.

Who commissions the watch is a separate question, and the ordinance is silent on it. That is documented on Make your own, which reads the same articles from the other end. The term itself has its own glossary entry.

Exploring

Chronometer: a word you have to earn

The one certification most people have heard of, and the one whose own publisher's pages disagree with each other about the test length.

The Contrôle Officiel Suisse des Chronomètres dates its testing from 1973 and says that since then it has subjected every timepiece to uncompromising testing to certify its utmost precision.[COSC] Its own statement of purpose is worth reading closely: Its principal aim is to measure and verify the precision of the watch movements and finished watches entrusted to it by manufacturers, in order to award them the official certified chronometer title.[COSC] Movements and finished watches, which will matter in the next section. COSC operates from laboratories at Biel, Saint-Imier and Le Locle, with the Biel laboratory responsible for its own production since 1 January 2022.[COSC] It and its laboratories work to a Quality Manual under ISO 17025 and 17065, governed by the Swiss Accreditation Service.[COSC]

What the test consists of. COSC's FAQ states that the watch is tested in five different positions and at three different temperatures (8°, 23°, and 38°C),[COSC] and that the requirement is an average daily rate between −4 and +6 seconds per day: The watch must maintain an average daily rate between -4 and +6 seconds per day.[COSC] The same page names the standard: The COSC standard for automatic (mechanical) watches is based on the ISO 3159 standard, which defines the criteria for a balance spring oscillator wristwatch chronometer.[COSC] The certification page puts it more simply: the title is certified by a neutral official body, in accordance with the ISO 3159 standard.[COSC] No edition year appears on either page.

Contested: how long does a COSC test take?

COSC's FAQ gives a testing period of 15 days.[COSC] The same FAQ elsewhere describes testing the watch movement over 12 to 20 days,[COSC] and COSC's home page gives the number of testing days as 12 to 20.[COSC] This Codex publishes all three rather than choosing. Fifteen days is the figure attached to the mechanical wristwatch programme; the 12-to-20 range is what COSC states overall, and the two are not reconciled anywhere the Codex could read. A flat claim that “COSC tests for 15 days” can be contradicted using COSC's own front page.

A second precision, on the same page's wording: COSC's FAQ attributes the −4/+6 tolerance to the watch and says elsewhere that a COSC-certified watch must have a precision that ranges between -4 and +6 seconds per day.[COSC] Its Excellence Chronometer page, quoted below, describes the fifteen-day ISO 3159 programme as testing movements. Both wordings are COSC's. This Codex quotes each where it appears and does not merge them.

What the title is, once awarded. COSC compares it to a degree: As for a graduate, this title is acquired for life, even if their performance is liable to change somewhat over time.[COSC] Results are retained for a decade: The results for a chronometer are kept for 10 years, starting from the day of the end of testing.[COSC] So a chronometer certificate records a test a watch passed at one moment, and is not a statement about the watch on your wrist today. The word itself has a glossary entry.

How much of the industry this covers. COSC publishes four figures on its home page. Certified movements in 2025: 2,1 million, where the comma is the decimal separator, and the label says movements, not watches.[COSC] Movements certified since 1973: 57 million.[COSC] And the share of mechanical watches exported in 2025 that are COSC-certified: 39%.[COSC] Over 60 brands are certified by the COSC.[COSC] On its English page it gives a different measure against a different denominator, attributed to the industry federation: Proof of the very high value to which the COSC “chronometer” certificate attests: only about 15% of Swiss watches exported have this status.[COSC] 39 % and 15 % are not in conflict: one is of mechanical watches exported in 2025, the other of Swiss watches exported. Quoting either as “the share of Swiss watch exports” would misstate the source.

Exploring

The 2026 addition: Excellence Chronometer

Announced on 12 February 2026. Two tolerances, belonging to two different tests. Conflating them is the most common error, and one this Codex made itself.

COSC published a complementary certification in a news item date-stamped 12.02.2026,[COSC] introduced on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the ISO 3159 standard.[COSC] ISO lists the first edition of that standard, ISO 3159:1976, in its committee catalogue as withdrawn;[ISO] the arithmetic linking 1976 to a fiftieth anniversary in 2026 is this Codex's, not COSC's.

The structure is two stages. First the existing programme: For fifteen days,[COSC] movements are tested according to the seven criteria of the ISO 3159 standard.[COSC] Then The finished watches then undergo four days or more of additional evaluation.[COSC] For the new title, To qualify for this title of excellence, watches must meet eight rigorous criteria.[COSC] Seven criteria for the movement under ISO 3159; eight for the finished-watch title.

The two tolerances COSC publishes for the Excellence Chronometer, each with the test it belongs to. Quoted from the certification page.
StageWhat happensTolerance
Simulated wear Simulation of wear in 6 semi-dynamic positions over 24 hours,[COSC] with a Resting period of 12 hours at 23°C[COSC] Chronometric deviation between (-2)(+4) seconds per day after simulated wear in 6 positions over 24 hours[COSC]
Magnetic field Exposure to a magnetic field of 200 Gauss, oriented 3H–9H,[COSC] which is repeated in two other orientations: 6H–12H and Dial Up – Dial Down[COSC] a chronometric deviation within ±10 seconds per day[COSC]

Why these two get conflated. Both bullets on COSC's page use the phrase chronometric deviation. The tighter figure is never the magnetic tolerance and the ±10 is never the wear tolerance. This Codex published them the wrong way round once and logged the correction publicly; the entry is still in the Academy. COSC's news item states the headline figure as a reduced rate tolerance of 6 seconds per day (-2+4 s/ day); the malformed spacing is the page's.[COSC]

One further statement on the same page bears on how certification works generally: One hundred percent of the watches are tested: COSC does not operate by sampling.[COSC] Hold on to that sentence; METAS does something different, and says so.

Exploring

Master Chronometer: the federal laboratory's version

A different body, a different object of testing, a different tolerance, and a procedure you can download and read, which is rare.

METAS is a public-law institution of the Swiss Confederation and the Federal Department of Justice and Police (FDJP)[METAS] and Switzerland's national metrology institute, tasked with ensuring that measurements can be made in Switzerland with the accuracy required for the interests of business, research and administration.[METAS] Watch certification sits with a named certification body inside it: At METAS, the Certification Body METAS-Cert is responsible for this.[METAS] Models that pass all the tests are awarded Master Chronometer certification.[METAS]

The distinction METAS itself draws. Only the movement is tested under ISO 3159.[METAS] The finished watch is tested under METAS-N001.[METAS] A prior chronometer result is a prerequisite, not an alternative: The movement must meet the criteria of a “chronometer” as defined in ISO 3159:2009.[METAS] The tolerance is one-sided: The watch must reach a rate accuracy of 0 to +5 seconds per day, i.e. it must never slow down and not be more than five seconds ahead of the actual time.[METAS] What is varied during the test is the accuracy of the chronometer under various influencing factors (temperatures, positions, magnetisation, used power reserve);[METAS]

The procedure is published in full, which almost nothing else on this page is. METAS-N001/e, Requirements for certification of movements and mechanical watches resistant to magnetic fields of 1.5 T (15 000 G),[METAS] is version 1.2, and its header block records Document number: METAS-N001/e Version: 1.2 Approved on/by: 12.12.2022/GLS.[METAS] It states that The certification is focussed primarily on water resistance, chronometric performance, resistance to magnetic fields and power reserve of the watches.[METAS] A watch must be Swiss Made under RS 232.119,[METAS] and The movement must satisfy the criteria for a “chronometer” according to the standard ISO 3159:2009 and the relevant tests must have been performed by a laboratory with ISO/IEC 17025:2017 accreditation.[METAS]

Who does the testing, and how much of it

METAS-N001 states that The certification is based on a test of every movement and every watch by the applicant (or the authorised representative).[METAS] Read the whole sentence: the obligation to test every unit is the applicant's. METAS's own role is described separately: Sample checks for the criteria PJ, S2, EM, RM, DE and DP are carried out by METAS according to the standard ISO 2859-1:2014 with an S4-AQL1 level of inspection by default.[METAS] So “every watch is tested” and “METAS tests every watch” are different statements, and only the first is in the document.

The figures, attached to the right things. The field is 1.5 T, and The tolerance for the magnetic field is 0/+0.20 T.[METAS] That tolerance is on the field strength (not on any rate or power-reserve figure), and it appears at both the movement-exposure and finished-watch-exposure cycles. The daily-rate criterion differs by watch category: the acceptance table gives 0 ≤ PJ̅ ≤ 5 for category 1a, 0 ≤ PJ̅ ≤ 6 for 1b and 0 ≤ PJ̅ ≤ 7 for category 2.[METAS] Quoting “0 to +5” without the category overstates what is required of a smaller watch. The power-reserve criterion applies across all three: Watch still operates at the value of its declared power reserve.[METAS] There are ten test cycles, and their order is only partly free: Cycle 1 must be carried out first. The sequencing of cycles 2 to 10 is not critical. However, cycles 2 to 6 as well as cycles 8 and 9 must be carried out in the order given. Cycles 6, 8 and 9 may be carried out in parallel (as described in section 6.6).[METAS] A watch that passes may then bear the designation “MASTER CHRONOMETER Certified 15 000 Gauss” (or “MASTER CHRONOMETER”).[METAS]

How long does a Master Chronometer test take? Neither METAS web page nor the eighteen pages of METAS-N001 version 1.2 states a duration in days. Durations appear inside individual cycles, in minutes, hours and seconds, never as a total. This Codex therefore publishes no figure. The term has a glossary entry.

Exploring

The ISO standards, and why you cannot read them

Every depth rating and shock rating on every watch points at a document that is sold, not published. Here is exactly what is public.

Watch standards live with ISO/TC 114 Horology,[ISO] whose secretariat is held by the Swiss member body: SNV (Switzerland).[ISO] Its published scope is Standardization in the field of instruments of small and large size intended for measuring time and time keeping : terminology; technical definitions; standardization of overall dimensions; any other questions which may be proposed in the future.[ISO] ISO's counters for the committee read 33 published standards, of which 8 under the direct responsibility of ISO/TC 114, and 3 under development, of which 1 under the direct responsibility of ISO/TC 114, with a footnote that the * number includes updates.[ISO] Ten subcommittees are listed, and four of them (shock-resistant watches, overall dimensions, indication of accuracy and antimagnetism) carry a [STANDBY] marker.[ISO]

The horological ISO standards, with the edition, the ISO lifecycle stage as ISO's catalogue prints it, and the entire free text ISO publishes about each one. Read 28 September 2026.
StandardStage, as printedWhat ISO publishes free
ISO 3159:2009 Timekeeping instruments — Wrist-chronometers with spring balance oscillator[ISO] Stage: Close of review [90.60][ISO] ISO 3159:2009 lays down the definition of the term “chronometer”, describing the categories, the test programme and the acceptable minimum requirements for wrist-chronometers.[ISO]
ISO 6425:2018 Horology — Divers' watches[ISO] International Standard confirmed [90.93][ISO] This document specifies requirements and test methods for divers' watches and for saturation divers' watches for use in deep diving (see Annex A which deals with watches for saturation diving). It applies to divers' watches designed to withstand diving in water at depths of at least 100 m and equipped with a secured measuring system to indicate the diving time, which is visible in darkness.[ISO]
ISO 22810:2010 Horology — Water-resistant watches[ISO] Close of review [90.60][ISO] ISO 22810:2010 establishes the requirements and specifies the test methods used to verify the water resistance of watches. Moreover, it indicates the marking which the manufacturer is authorized to apply to them.[ISO]
ISO 764:2020 Horology — Magnetic resistant watches[ISO] International Standard confirmed [90.93][ISO] This document specifies the minimum requirements and test methods for magnetic resistant watches. This document applies to magnetic resistant watches designed to withstand daily magnetic fields. Moreover, it indicates the marking which the manufacturer is authorized to apply to them.[ISO]
ISO 1413:2016 Horology — Shock-resistant wrist watches[ISO] International Standard under systematic review [90.20][ISO] ISO 1413:2016 specifies the minimum requirements for shock-resistant wrist watches and describes the corresponding test method. It is based on the simulation of the shock received by a wrist watch while falling from a height of 1 m onto a horizontal wooden floor (an equivalent surface is described in B.1.1).[ISO]
ISO 12819:2009 Methods of evaluation of the battery life of a battery-powered watch[ISO] Stage: International Standard to be revised [90.92][ISO] ISO 12819:2009 specifies two methods for determining the battery life of a battery-powered watch and specifies the labelling to be used by the manufacturers or the distributors to inform the users.[ISO]
ISO 6426-1:1982 - Horological vocabulary — Part 1: Technical and scientific definitions[ISO] International Standard confirmed [90.93][ISO] The 20 definitions apply to time-measuring instruments or to related devices. A table summarizes the values and units of measurement associated with the definitions. Part 2 deals with definitions of technico-commercial terms.[ISO]
ISO 6426-2:2026 - Horological vocabulary — Part 2: Technical and commercial definitions[ISO] Stage: International Standard published [60.60][ISO] This document defines the principal terms used in horology. The terms and definitions apply to time-measuring instruments and related devices.[ISO]

That table is the whole of the public record. Not one numeric requirement in any of these standards is published free: not ISO 3159's seven criteria or its rate tolerances, not ISO 22810's test pressures, not ISO 6425's overpressure or thermal-shock values, not ISO 764's field strength, not ISO 1413's shock energy, not ISO 12819's equations. Every one of them is behind a paywall. This is why the accuracy figure you can quote for a chronometer is COSC's, not ISO's: COSC publishes a number for the first of the seven criteria and the other six sit inside a document that must be bought.

Two things the table settles that are widely got wrong. ISO 764 was called “Antimagnetic” watches for general purpose use in its 1973 first edition (with the quotation marks in ISO's own title)[ISO], and the committee catalogue shows the title changing to “Magnetic resistant watches” from the 2002 edition onward.[ISO] “Antimagnetic” has not been ISO's word for over twenty years. And ISO 22810 is not the original: the water-resistance subcommittee's catalogue lists ISO 2281:1984 and ISO 2281:1990 before it, both withdrawn.[ISO]

A gap this Codex has been carrying, now partly closed

Twelve glossary terms are published here as having no authoritative definition, and eight of them would be settled by the ISO horological vocabulary. Part 2 now has a new edition: ISO 6426-2:2026, edition 3, published February 2026, which withdrew the 2002 edition.[ISO] That answers the question of whether a current vocabulary exists. It does not close the gap, because the definitions themselves are not public. The honest position is unchanged: those terms stay marked as undefined here until the text can be read, and the glossary says which ones they are. ISO 12819 is also being revised, as ISO/AWI 12819.[ISO]

Three lifecycle stages on that table need care: ISO 1413:2016 is at 90.20, an open systematic review, while ISO 3159:2009 and ISO 22810:2010 are at 90.60, review closed but not re-confirmed. All three pages also still carry an older sentence saying they were reviewed and confirmed and remain current. This Codex prints the stage strings as ISO prints them[ISO][ISO] rather than paraphrasing any of them as “confirmed”.

Exploring

Seals that require a place

Two Swiss schemes that ask where the work happened, not just how well. Both are older than they look, and one has a marking whose own publisher's pages disagree about the numbers.

The Poinçon de Genève

Optional watch control in Geneva is a cantonal matter, and the law in force is the Loi relative à Timelab — Fondation du laboratoire d'horlogerie et de microtechnique de Genève (LTLHM), shelf-marked I 1 25 in the Geneva statute book, du 21 septembre 2018.[Geneva statute book] Article 1 institutes the laboratory Afin de répondre aux besoins avérés depuis 1886 de certification de haute qualité en horlogerie[Geneva statute book]; 1886 enters the current statute as the date from which the need has existed, in a subordinate clause.

Contested: what happened in 1886

The certifying body's own French page states Le GRAND CONSEIL de la République et canton de Genève, décrète en 1886 la Loi I 1.25 sur le contrôle facultatif des montres.[Poinçon de Genève] Geneva's own statute book gives the law at that number as the Timelab law of 21 September 2018.[Geneva statute book] These cannot both describe the same act: I 1 25 is a modern shelf-mark in the consolidated statute book, and the text now sitting there is from 2018. The body's page never mentions 2018 at all, and its most recent dated event is a legislative update en décembre 2008. This Codex publishes the body's sentence as evidence of what the body says, not as a statement of Geneva law. The defensible formulation: optional watch control in Geneva dates from 1886, with an implementing regulation of 26 March 1887; the statute in force today is RSG I 1 25 of 21 September 2018.

Who guarantees it. The law delegates the work to a private-law foundation: Timelab est constitué en une fondation de droit privé.[Geneva statute book] TIMELAB describes itself as une fondation de droit privé, chargée par la République et le canton de Genève d'exploiter le Poinçon de Genève.[TIMELAB] The seal's own site names the guarantor precisely: The supreme entity authorised by the Geneva Council of State is the Foundation Council of the Geneva Laboratory of Horology and Microengineering. It is the legal body and only guarantor of the Poinçon de Genève.[Poinçon de Genève] That council has seven members appointed by the Council of State.[Poinçon de Genève]

The territorial condition, then and now. The law itself limits the control to montres fabriquées et assemblées dans le canton de Genève, presented by manufacturers established in Geneva.[Geneva statute book] The current règlement repeats it operation by operation: Les opérations d'assemblage, de réglage et d'emboîtage du mouvement et des plaques de modules additionnels ainsi que le contrôle de la tête de montre doivent être exécutés dans le Canton de Genève.[PdG règlement] The applicant company must be established in the canton and able to fournir une attestation d'affiliation à une caisse AVS reconnue dans le canton de Genève pour le personnel qui exécute les opérations décrites ci-dessous :[PdG règlement]: a requirement about payroll, not about craft. Historically the condition was blunter still: the body records that the watchmakers themselves doivent résider à Genève.[Poinçon de Genève]

What is tested. An approved movement must be cased in an approved case,[PdG règlement] so the certification reaches the finished watch and not only the movement. The running test is Les tests s'effectuent sur une période de 7 jours consécutifs.[PdG règlement] and the criterion, on the body's English page, is After seven days, the watch must not have varied by more than one minute.[Poinçon de Genève] The règlement states the same criterion in French at day 7.[PdG règlement] The 1887 regime, for comparison, required a minimum of six days in horizontal and vertical positions and at extreme temperatures.[Poinçon de Genève] Version 2.2 of the règlement sets the entry into force of its new certification at 18.09.2026.[PdG règlement]

Contested: the water-resistance figures, and the test medium

The governing French règlement's acceptance table gives, against the value declared by the brand, a minimum pressure of 2 bars and a depression of 0.5 bars,[PdG règlement] and states that Le contrôle d'étanchéité est effectué à l'air.[PdG règlement] The body's own English page instead gives Pressure of 3 bars[Poinçon de Genève] with Negative pressure of 0.5 bars,[Poinçon de Genève] and says the test is done in air or water.[Poinçon de Genève] The two agree on the depression figure and disagree on both the pressure minimum and the permitted medium. The règlement is the normative document; the English page is the same organisation's own summary of it. This Codex reports both and reconciles neither. The seal has a glossary entry.

Qualité Fleurier

The Fondation Qualité Fleurier presents its scheme as FQF, La première certification horlogère qualitative et indépendante de montres terminées, manufacturées 100% en Suisse[Qualité Fleurier]: finished watches, not movements. Its statutes record that the brands Chopard Manufacture SA et Parmigiani SA à Fleurier ont en le 15 juin 2001 décidé d'unir leurs forces pour créer un label de qualité[Qualité Fleurier] (the grammar is the page's, quoted as printed), and the seat is at Val-de-Travers.[Qualité Fleurier] Its own foundation page names three manufactures rather than two: Bovet Fleurier SA, Chopard Manufacture SA et Parmigiani Fleurier SA.[Qualité Fleurier] This Codex shows both and resolves neither. Public bodies supported the creation, including SECO, the State of Neuchâtel, the Commune of Val-de-Travers and two regional organisations.[Qualité Fleurier]

Five conditions, and a place requirement that is not Fleurier. The Foundation presents the certification under five headings: manufactured 100 % in Switzerland, component technique, COSC chronometry, Chronofiable durability and Fleuritest wearing precision.[Qualité Fleurier] The territorial rule is national: Toutes les opérations de conception, de fabrication, d'assemblage et de contrôle de la tête de montre et de ses composants devront être réalisées en Suisse, à l'exception des matériaux non ouvragés.[Qualité Fleurier] The closing exception matters: unworked materials are outside the rule. Raw-material origin is free, mais leur transformation est obligatoirement exécutée en Suisse.[Qualité Fleurier] Nothing here requires anything to happen in Fleurier.

It requires another body's certificate. Tous les mouvements soumis à la certification FQF doivent avoir passé le test.[Qualité Fleurier]: the COSC test, with movements soumis à l'intégralité des tests selon la norme ISO 3159.[Qualité Fleurier] So a Qualité Fleurier watch is a COSC-certified watch that then faces two more programmes. Reliability goes to an outside laboratory: a Chronofiable test auprès du laboratoire Dubois SA, à La Chaux-de-Fonds, attesté par un certificat délivré par ladite société et aux frais du requérant,[Qualité Fleurier] which includes un test de choc au mouton-pendule, sauf pour les complications délicates.[Qualité Fleurier]

And then the watch is worn by a robot. The Fleuritest is a simulateur robotique[Qualité Fleurier] reproducing les mouvements d'un cycle nycthéméral alternant des phases actives, très actives et calmes.[Qualité Fleurier] The watch en habillage définitif devra avoir subi avec succès le programme de test de 24 heures sur le simulateur Fleuritest,[Qualité Fleurier] and La précision de la montre examinée doit être comprise entre 0 et +5 secondes par jour.[Qualité Fleurier] The same numeric window as METAS, reached by an entirely different route.

Deep Dive

Glashütte: Germany's answer, with a deadline

A second national origin ordinance for watches, almost unknown outside Germany, and its protection expires on a date now in sight.

Switzerland is not the only country with a watch-origin ordinance. Germany has one for a single town. The Federal Ministry of Justice issued the Verordnung zum Schutz der geografischen Herkunftsangabe „Glashütte“ (Glashütteverordnung – GlashütteV) on 22 February 2022, promulgated in the Bundesgesetzblatt.[Bundesgesetzblatt] The Bundesrat's record of it carries the same title.[Bundesrat] German Customs, which enforces it, refers to it by a slightly different name.[German Customs]

The area of origin is drawn precisely, and it is not one town. § 2 lists the town of Glashütte; the localities of Bärenstein and Lauenstein in Altenberg, for supply and finishing; and the city of Dresden, for named finishing steps.[Bundesgesetzblatt][German Customs] A watch counts as made in the area of origin, under § 5, only when five stages happen entirely within the town of Glashütte (assembly and starting of the movement, regulation, fitting of the dial, setting of the hands, casing of the movement) and more than 50 % of the value added is achieved in the area of origin across the essential manufacturing stages.[Bundesgesetzblatt] The two conditions are cumulative; the ordinance's own list ends in und.

Contested, and settled from the ordinance: 50 per cent, or more than 50?

Two official German sources give different thresholds. German Customs states the requirement as mehr als 50 Prozent der Wertschöpfung.[German Customs] The Saxon State Ministry of Justice, in a release dated eleven days before the ordinance itself, says only watches deren Wertschöpfung zu 50 Prozent in der Stadt Glashütte erfolgt ist may be so designated.[Saxon Ministry of Justice] The ordinance as promulgated reads in den wesentlichen Herstellungsstufen zusammen mehr als 50 Prozent der Wertschöpfung im Herkunftsgebiet erzielt wurde.[Bundesgesetzblatt] The threshold is more than 50 %. The Saxon ministry's figure is a press-release paraphrase and is not the rule. Two further precisions from the same reading: the ordinance says Herkunftsgebiet where Customs writes Herstellungsgebiet, and the Saxon release also locates the value added in the town where the ordinance locates it in the wider area of origin.

The promulgated text was read from a mirror of the Bundesgesetzblatt, the BGBl's own viewer being unreadable from this environment; the citation says so. A first-party citation would be BGBl. I 2022 S. 218.

The deadline. The DPMA states that where a national-level specific protection for craft and industrial geographical indications already exists (naming “Solingen” for cutlery and “Glashütte” for watches), endet dieser nationale Schutz am 2. Dezember 2026, sofern bis dahin kein wirksamer Antrag auf EU-weiten Schutz nach Art. (Artikel) 70 der Verordnung (EU) 2023/2411 gestellt worden ist.[DPMA] Read the condition, not just the date: the national protection ends on 2 December 2026 only if no effective application for EU-wide protection under article 70 has been filed by then. It is a conditional sunset, and it covers Solingen too. Whether such an application has been filed is not something this Codex could establish from the register, which refuses this environment.

The EU instrument the deadline points at is Regulation (EU) 2023/2411 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 October 2023 on the protection of geographical indications for craft and industrial products and amending Regulations (EU) 2017/1001 and (EU) 2019/1753.[EUR-Lex] Its article 3 states that it applies to craft and industrial products and not to agricultural products, foodstuffs, wines or spirit drinks.[EUR-Lex] The DPMA names watches expressly among the products it can cover: This includes watches, cutlery, fabrics, porcelain, woodwork, jewellery, textiles, natural stones and glass.[DPMA]

A trade-mark office has also had its say on the word. In case R 773/2023-5 of 29 September 2023, the EUIPO Board of Appeal points out that the term 'Glashütte' refers to a German town in Saxony near Dresden, known as the birthplace of the German watchmaking industry.[EUIPO] Germany also has a national water-resistance standard of its own, DIN 8310, edition 1984-12, Water resistance of watches; definition, requirements, testing,[DIN] which the DIN catalogue still marks Standard [CURRENT].[DIN]

One further piece of EU law names watches directly, and it is not about origin or accuracy at all: the annex to Directive 94/27/EC lists wrist-watch cases, watch straps and tighteners among products restricted for nickel release.[EUR-Lex] It is a reminder that “standards for watches” is a wider category than the certification schemes.

Deep Dive

Japan: where a watch can have two countries of origin

A rule from 1973 that answers the question the Swiss ordinance answers, and reaches a different and more interesting conclusion.

Japan has no percentage-of-cost test for watches. It has a rule about which single operation makes the watch, and it is administered by the Consumer Affairs Agency under a 1973 circular on misleading representations of a product's country of origin. For wristwatches, the rule reads: 腕時計　ムーブメントの組立。ただし、側又はバンドが重要な構成要素となつている高級腕時計及び防水などの特殊な腕時計にあつては、ムーブメントの組立及び側又はバンドの製造。[Japan CAA]

In this Codex's English: the substantial operation is assembly of the movement, except that for high-grade wristwatches, and special wristwatches such as water-resistant ones, in which the case or the band is an important constituent element, it is assembly of the movement and manufacture of the case or the band. The qualifier is doing real work; the rule does not reach every expensive or water-resistant watch, only those where the case or band is an important element of it.

The consequence, which no European rule reaches

The same circular continues: ただし書の腕時計において、ムーブメントの組立が行われた国と側又はバンドの製造が行なわれた国とが異なるときは、原産国は、二国となる。[Japan CAA] Where the movement is assembled in one country and the case or band made in another, the country of origin is two countries. The Swiss ordinance asks whether a watch is Swiss and answers yes or no. This rule accepts that a watch can honestly be from two places and requires both to be named. Note also the term: the provision is written for 腕時計, wristwatches, not for timepieces generally.

Behind it sits the enforcement power. Article 71 of the Customs Act, as Japan Customs reproduces it, refuses import to foreign goods bearing a directly or indirectly false representation of origin, or one liable to cause misunderstanding.[Japan Customs]

Japan's technical standards mirror ISO's, and say so. The Japanese Industrial Standards for watches are declared modified adoptions of the ISO documents, which means the JIS catalogue records publicly what ISO's own pages do not: which international standard each one corresponds to.

The Japanese Industrial Standards for watches, with the corresponding ISO standard where the JSA catalogue states one. All recorded as 有効 (in force). Read 28 September 2026.
JISTitle, as the catalogue prints itCorresponds to
JIS B 7021:2013一般用防水携帯時計―種類及び防水性能[JSA]ISO 22810:2010 (MOD)[JSA]
JIS B 7023:2021潜水用携帯時計―種類及び性能[JSA]ISO 6425:2018, modified
JIS B 7024:2022耐磁携帯時計―種類，性能及び試験方法[JSA]ISO 764:2020, modified
JIS B 7027:2018耐衝撃携帯時計―衝撃性能及び試験方法[JSA]ISO 1413:2016, modified
JIS B 7025:1995時計―精度表示[JSA]None stated
JIS B 7001:2018時計―試験方法[JSA]None stated

One of those catalogue entries leaks a figure the ISO paywall keeps: the summary for the shock standard describes it as covering １ｍの高さから硬い木の上に落下させた衝撃に耐える携帯時計の衝撃性能及びその試験方法について規定。[JSA] A one-metre drop onto hard wood: the same figure ISO gives free in its own abstract for ISO 1413.

Deep Dive

Questions this page answers

The questions people actually ask about the words on a dial, answered in one paragraph each, with the same sources as the rest of the page.

What does “Swiss Made” actually require?
Five conditions, all at once, under article 1a of the ordinance of 23 December 1971: technical development in Switzerland, a Swiss movement, casing-up in Switzerland, final inspection by the manufacturer in Switzerland, and at least 60 % of the coût de revient generated in Switzerland. The movement separately needs 60 % of its own cost generated in Switzerland and at least 50 % of the value of its constituent parts to be of Swiss manufacture, excluding the cost of assembly.
Is “Swiss Made” from 1971 or 2017?
Both, and the distinction is exact. The ordinance is dated 23 December 1971 and its own entry-into-force article states 1 January 1972. The version in force today came from the partial revision the Federal Council approved on 17 June 2016, which it set to enter into force on 1 January 2017. That date appears in the ordinance only in a transitional provision, not in any numbered article.
Does a COSC certificate mean my watch keeps time to −4/+6 today?
No. COSC itself compares the title to a degree: it is acquired for life, even if their performance is liable to change somewhat over time, and results are kept for ten years from the end of testing. It records a test passed at one moment.
What is the difference between COSC and METAS?
METAS states it in one line each: Only the movement is tested under ISO 3159, and The finished watch is tested under METAS-N001. A chronometer result under ISO 3159:2009, from an ISO/IEC 17025:2017-accredited laboratory, is a prerequisite for Master Chronometer rather than an alternative to it. The tolerances also differ in shape: −4 to +6 seconds a day for COSC's long-standing certification, 0 to +5 for a category 1a watch under METAS-N001, one-sided, so the watch may never run slow.
Why can I never find the actual numbers in an ISO standard?
Because they are sold, not published. ISO publishes a title, an edition, a lifecycle stage and a short abstract for each standard free; every numeric requirement (test pressures, tolerances, field strengths, shock energies, marking wording) is inside the purchased document. The figures you can quote for a chronometer are COSC's, not ISO's.
Does “Glashütte” on a dial mean anything legally?
Yes, in Germany. The Glashütteverordnung of 22 February 2022 requires five manufacturing stages to happen entirely in the town of Glashütte and more than 50 % of the value added to be achieved in a defined area of origin. The DPMA states that this national protection ends on 2 December 2026 unless an effective application for EU-wide protection under article 70 of Regulation (EU) 2023/2411 has been filed by then.
Can a watch have two countries of origin?
Under Japan's rule, yes. Where the movement is assembled in one country and the case or band manufactured in another, for a high-grade or special wristwatch in which the case or band is an important constituent element, the Consumer Affairs Agency's circular states that the country of origin is two countries.
Does the Poinçon de Genève require the watch to be made in Geneva?
Yes, and it requires the company to be there too. The cantonal law limits the control to watches manufactured and assembled in the canton of Geneva, presented by manufacturers established in Geneva; the current règlement adds that the applicant must be established in the canton and able to show affiliation to a recognised Geneva AVS fund for the staff performing the listed operations.
Does Qualité Fleurier require the watch to be made in Fleurier?
No. Its requirement is national: all design, manufacture, assembly and inspection of the watch head and its components in Switzerland, with unworked materials expressly excepted. It does require a passed COSC test for every movement submitted.
Which certification is the strictest?
This Codex does not answer that, and the question is harder than it looks: the schemes test different objects, over different durations, against differently shaped tolerances, and two of them require another's certificate first. What is documented above is what each one requires. Ranking them would be a judgement, and judgements are not what this site publishes.
Deep Dive

What could not be sourced

Recorded so that a future session, or a reader with better access, knows exactly where the holes are.

  • Every numeric clause of every ISO standard on this page. Paywalled. No page of this Codex asserts an ISO test pressure, tolerance, field strength or shock energy that ISO does not publish free.
  • The defined terms in ISO 6426-1:1982 and ISO 6426-2:2026. The new edition's existence is confirmed; its contents are not public. Eight glossary terms remain marked as having no authoritative definition for this reason.
  • The consolidated Swiss ordinance as at 1 January 2017. Fedlex's filestore serves the 1 January 2019 version; no equivalent file was found for 2017. Everything quoted here is from the 2019 consolidation.
  • The Glashütteverordnung from a first-party server. The federal law portal refuses this environment and the Bundesgesetzblatt's own viewer requires a session. The promulgated text was read from a mirror, and the citation says so.
  • Whether an EU application under article 70 has been filed for “Glashütte”. The EU craft-and-industrial GI register and the DPMA trade-mark register both refuse this environment. The 2 December 2026 condition is therefore published as a condition, with no statement about whether it has been met.
  • Article 60 of the Union Customs Code, verbatim. The EUR-Lex text came back truncated before the relevant title. No claim about EU non-preferential origin rules for watches appears here.
  • COSC's six other ISO 3159 criteria. COSC publishes a numeric value for the average daily rate only; the rest sit inside the paywalled standard.
  • The duration of a Master Chronometer test. Not stated in days anywhere in METAS-N001 version 1.2 or on either METAS page read.
  • Whether a CEN standard for horology exists. The CEN sectors page lists fifteen sectors, none of them horology, but the searchable technical-body database refuses this environment, so no general claim is made.

A note on how the quotations on this page were checked. Shell network access is blocked in this environment, so every source was read through a fetching tool that converts a page to text. That is reliable for wording, digits and clause order (each quotation here was confirmed by a second reader who was shown only the sentence and the URL), but it cannot prove a character. Where a single character was in doubt and could not be settled, this page quotes a different sentence that could be. Six quotations were corrected before publication after that second reading, four of them for dropping a clause that changed the meaning.

Sources

Every claim above traces to one of these. The law is quoted from the Swiss Confederation's own consolidated text, the German ordinance from the Bundesgesetzblatt in which it was promulgated, the Geneva law from the canton's own statute book, and the Japanese rule from the Consumer Affairs Agency's own circular. Where a certifying body describes its own scheme, the chip is clay-coloured and says so: COSC, METAS, the Poinçon de Genève and Qualité Fleurier are Tier 1 sources for what they themselves require, and for nothing else. No enthusiast publication, retailer, brand marketing page or “which certification is best” comparison was used for anything here. All read 28 September 2026.

  1. Tier 1 Swiss Confederation: Ordonnance réglant l'utilisation du nom «Suisse» pour les montres du 23 décembre 1971 (État le 1er janvier 2019), RS 232.119, Fedlex static filestore, consolidated French text, source read 2026-09-28
  2. Tier 1 Swiss Federal Council: Conseil fédéral / Confédération suisse, communiqué de presse du 17 juin 2016 (msg-id-62261), source read 2026-09-28
  3. Tier 1 Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property: Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property (IPI), "Revision of the Ordinance on the Use of 'Swiss' for Watches", source read 2026-09-28
  4. Tier 1 COSC: COSC, home page, source read 2026-09-28
  5. Tier 1 COSC: COSC, English section landing page, source read 2026-09-28
  6. Tier 1 COSC: COSC, News, item dated 21.03.2023, source read 2026-09-28
  7. Tier 1 COSC: COSC, FAQ, source read 2026-09-28
  8. Tier 1 COSC: COSC, “COSC FAQ: All your questions answered”, source read 2026-09-28
  9. Tier 1 COSC: COSC, “Chronometer Certified”, source read 2026-09-28
  10. Tier 1 COSC: COSC, news item “COSC Excellence Chronometer Certified”, source read 2026-09-28
  11. Tier 1 ISO: ISO/TC 114 Horology: Standards catalogue, source read 2026-09-28
  12. Tier 1 COSC: COSC, “Excellence Chronometer Certified”, source read 2026-09-28
  13. Tier 1 Federal Institute of Metrology METAS: Federal Institute of Metrology METAS, "METAS in brief", source read 2026-09-28
  14. Tier 1 Federal Institute of Metrology METAS: Federal Institute of Metrology METAS, "Watch certification", source read 2026-09-28
  15. Tier 1 Federal Institute of Metrology METAS: Federal Institute of Metrology METAS, METAS-N001/e, "Requirements for certification of movements and mechanical watches resistant to magnetic fields of 1.5 T (15 000 G)", version 1.2, source read 2026-09-28
  16. Tier 1 ISO: ISO/TC 114 Horology (ISO committee page), source read 2026-09-28
  17. Tier 1 ISO: ISO/TC 114 Horology (ISO committee page, catalogue view), source read 2026-09-28
  18. Tier 1 ISO: ISO 3159:2009, Timekeeping instruments: Wrist-chronometers with spring balance oscillator (ISO catalogue page), source read 2026-09-28
  19. Tier 1 ISO: ISO 6425:2018, Horology: Divers' watches (ISO catalogue page), source read 2026-09-28
  20. Tier 1 ISO: ISO 22810:2010, Horology: Water-resistant watches (ISO catalogue page), source read 2026-09-28
  21. Tier 1 ISO: ISO 764:2020, Horology: Magnetic resistant watches (ISO catalogue page), source read 2026-09-28
  22. Tier 1 ISO: ISO 1413:2016, Horology: Shock-resistant wrist watches (ISO catalogue page), source read 2026-09-28
  23. Tier 1 ISO: ISO 12819:2009, Methods of evaluation of the battery life of a battery-powered watch (ISO catalogue page), source read 2026-09-28
  24. Tier 1 ISO: ISO 6426-1:1982, Horological vocabulary: Part 1: Technical and scientific definitions (ISO catalogue page), source read 2026-09-28
  25. Tier 1 ISO: ISO 6426-2:2026, Horological vocabulary: Part 2: Technical and commercial definitions (ISO catalogue page), source read 2026-09-28
  26. Tier 1 ISO: ISO 764:1973, "Antimagnetic" watches for general purpose use (ISO catalogue page), source read 2026-09-28
  27. Tier 1 ISO: ISO/TC 114/SC 12 Antimagnetism: Standards catalogue, source read 2026-09-28
  28. Tier 1 ISO: ISO/TC 114/SC 3 Water-resistant watches: Standards catalogue, source read 2026-09-28
  29. Tier 1 ISO: ISO 6426-2:2002, Horological vocabulary: Part 2: Technical and commercial definitions (ISO catalogue page), source read 2026-09-28
  30. Tier 1 Republic and Canton of Geneva: République et canton de Genève, Recueil systématique genevois, Loi relative à Timelab - Fondation du laboratoire d'horlogerie et de microtechnique de Genève (LTLHM), I 1 25, source read 2026-09-28
  31. Tier 1 Poinçon de Genève: Poinçon de Genève, « Contrôle officiel de l'Etat : Loi I 1.25 », source read 2026-09-28
  32. Tier 1 Fondation TIMELAB: Fondation TIMELAB, official website, homepage, source read 2026-09-28
  33. Tier 1 Poinçon de Genève: Poinçon de Genève, "A carefully controlled label", source read 2026-09-28
  34. Tier 1 Poinçon de Genève: Règlement du « Poinçon de Genève », version 2.2, §2 Conditions d'admission, source read 2026-09-28
  35. Tier 1 Poinçon de Genève: Poinçon de Genève, "Accuracy", source read 2026-09-28
  36. Tier 1 Poinçon de Genève: Poinçon de Genève, "Water resistance", source read 2026-09-28
  37. Tier 1 Fondation Qualité Fleurier: Fondation Qualité Fleurier, official website homepage, source read 2026-09-28
  38. Tier 1 Fondation Qualité Fleurier: Fondation Qualité Fleurier, «Statuts de la Fondation Qualité Fleurier», preamble, source read 2026-09-28
  39. Tier 1 Fondation Qualité Fleurier: Fondation Qualité Fleurier, «La Fondation» page, source read 2026-09-28
  40. Tier 1 Fondation Qualité Fleurier: Fondation Qualité Fleurier, «La certification» (étapes de la certification FQF), source read 2026-09-28
  41. Tier 1 Fondation Qualité Fleurier: Fondation Qualité Fleurier, «Manufacturée 100% en Suisse» page, source read 2026-09-28
  42. Tier 1 Fondation Qualité Fleurier: Fondation Qualité Fleurier, «COSC» page, source read 2026-09-28
  43. Tier 1 Fondation Qualité Fleurier: Fondation Qualité Fleurier, «Chronofiable» page, source read 2026-09-28
  44. Tier 1 Fondation Qualité Fleurier: Fondation Qualité Fleurier, «Fleuritest» page, source read 2026-09-28
  45. Tier 1 Federal Republic of Germany: Bundesgesetzblatt Teil I 2022 Nr. 7, ausgegeben 8. März 2022, S. 218–219, Verordnung zum Schutz der geografischen Herkunftsangabe „Glashütte“ (Glashütteverordnung – GlashütteV) vom 22. Februar 2022: read from the OffeneGesetze mirror of the Bundesgesetzblatt, the BGBl's own viewer being unreadable here, source read 2026-09-28
  46. Tier 1 Bundesrat: Verordnung zum Schutz der geografischen Herkunftsangabe "Glashütte" (Glashütteverordnung - GlashütteV), Drucksache 853/21: Bundesrat, source read 2026-09-28
  47. Tier 1 German Customs (Generalzolldirektion): Glashütteverordnung: Zoll online (Generalzolldirektion), source read 2026-09-28
  48. Tier 1 Saxon State Ministry of Justice: "Glashütte" jetzt rechtlich geschützt: Sächsisches Staatsministerium der Justiz, source read 2026-09-28
  49. Tier 1 German Patent and Trade Mark Office: Geografische Angaben: Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt (DPMA), source read 2026-09-28
  50. Tier 1 European Union: Regulation (EU) 2023/2411 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 October 2023 on the protection of geographical indications for craft and industrial products and amending Regulations (EU) 2017/1001 and (EU) 2019/1753, source read 2026-09-28
  51. Tier 1 German Patent and Trade Mark Office: Geographical indications: Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt (DPMA), English pages, source read 2026-09-28
  52. Tier 1 EUIPO: Glashütte: The name of a town renowned for watches cannot be registered for virtual watches: EUIPO, recent case-law (29/09/2023, R 773/2023-5, Glashütte ORIGINAL (fig.)), source read 2026-09-28
  53. Tier 1 DIN: DIN 8310 - 1984-12, Wasserdichtheit von Kleinuhren; Begriff, Anforderungen, Prüfung (DIN Media catalogue record), source read 2026-09-28
  54. Tier 1 European Union: Directive 94/27/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 June 1994 amending for the 12th time Directive 76/769/EEC (nickel), Annex, source read 2026-09-28
  55. Tier 1 Consumer Affairs Agency of Japan: Consumer Affairs Agency of Japan, 「商品の原産国に関する不当な表示」の原産国の定義に関する運用細則（昭和４８年１２月５日事務局長通達第１４号）, source read 2026-09-28
  56. Tier 1 Japan Customs: 原産地を偽った表示等: 税関 Japan Customs, source read 2026-09-28
  57. Tier 1 Japanese Standards Association: JIS B 7021:2013 一般用防水携帯時計―種類及び防水性能 (JSA Group Webdesk JIS catalogue record), source read 2026-09-28
  58. Tier 1 Japanese Standards Association: JIS B 7023:2021 潜水用携帯時計―種類及び性能 (JSA Group Webdesk JIS catalogue record), source read 2026-09-28
  59. Tier 1 Japanese Standards Association: JIS B 7024:2022 耐磁携帯時計―種類，性能及び試験方法 (JSA Group Webdesk JIS catalogue record), source read 2026-09-28
  60. Tier 1 Japanese Standards Association: JIS B 7027:2018 耐衝撃携帯時計―衝撃性能及び試験方法 (JSA Group Webdesk JIS catalogue record), source read 2026-09-28
  61. Tier 1 Japanese Standards Association: JIS B 7025:1995 時計―精度表示 (JSA Group Webdesk JIS catalogue record), source read 2026-09-28
  62. Tier 1 Japanese Standards Association: JIS B 7001:2018 時計―試験方法 (JSA Group Webdesk JIS catalogue record), source read 2026-09-28