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Conversion basis: All factors use the Lower Heating Value (LHV) standard except where noted. 1 tonne of oil equivalent (toe) = 41.868 GJ (IEA standard). 1 barrel of oil equivalent (boe) = 6.117 GJ. 1 tonne of coal equivalent (tce) = 29.307 GJ. 1 Nm³ natural gas = 38.1 MJ LHV (IEA average). Sources: IEA Unit Converter · US EIA Units and Calculators.
Conversion factors — all values to MJ
Base unit for all conversions is the Megajoule (MJ). All factors from IEA and US EIA.
| Unit | = MJ | Source / notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1 J | 0.000001 | SI definition |
| 1 kJ | 0.001 | SI definition |
| 1 MJ | 1 | Base unit |
| 1 GJ | 1,000 | SI definition |
| 1 TJ | 1,000,000 | SI definition |
| 1 PJ | 1,000,000,000 | SI definition |
| 1 EJ | 1,000,000,000,000 | SI definition · global primary energy ~600 EJ/year |
| 1 Wh | 0.0036 | SI: 1 Wh = 3,600 J = 0.0036 MJ |
| 1 kWh | 3.6 | Standard · IEA |
| 1 MWh | 3,600 | Standard · IEA |
| 1 GWh | 3,600,000 | Standard · IEA |
| 1 TWh | 3,600,000,000 | Standard · IEA · global electricity ~100,000 TWh/year |
| 1 BTU | 0.001055 | US EIA: 1 BTU = 1,055.06 J |
| 1 MMBTU | 1,055.06 | US EIA · common US gas billing unit |
| 1 therm (US) | 105.48 | US EIA: 100,000 BTU |
| 1 quad | 1.05506 × 10¹⁵ | US EIA: 10¹⁵ BTU · US primary energy ~100 quads/year |
| 1 boe (barrel oil equivalent) | 6,117 | IEA: ~5.8 MMBTU ≈ 6.117 GJ LHV |
| 1 Nm³ natural gas | 38.1 | IEA average: 38.1 MJ/Nm³ LHV |
| 1 tce (tonne coal equivalent) | 29,307 | IEA standard: 29.307 GJ |
| 1 toe (tonne oil equivalent) | 41,868 | IEA standard: 41.868 GJ |
| 1 eV | 1.602 × 10⁻¹³ | CODATA: 1 eV = 1.60218 × 10⁻¹⁹ J |
| 1 MeV | 1.602 × 10⁻⁷ | Particle physics standard |
| 1 kg TNT | 4.184 | Thermochemical: 1 kcal = 4.184 J |
Quick reference — India-specific
| Quantity | In standard units | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1 LPG cylinder (14.2 kg) | 629 MJ · 174.7 kWh | Standard Indian domestic cylinder, LHV |
| 1 unit of electricity (India) | 3.6 MJ · 1 kWh | As billed by DISCOMs |
| 1 MT coal (India avg) | ~17,000 GJ | Non-coking coal ~17 MJ/kg average |
| India total electricity 2023 | ~1,680 TWh · 6,048 PJ | CEA India 2024 |
| India primary energy 2023 | ~35 EJ | IEA / BP Statistical Review 2024 |