Mathematicians

Profiles of mathematicians from all civilisations and eras. Every person entry links to the works and theorems they contributed to. Organised chronologically; filterable by tradition.

Ancient World (before 500 CE)

Babylonian Scribes

c. 1800–600 BCE · Mesopotamia
Babylonian
Composed clay tablet collections (e.g. Plimpton 322) demonstrating knowledge of quadratic equations and Pythagorean triples.
Entry planned — not yet written

Euclid

fl. c. 300 BCE · Alexandria
Greek
Author of the Elements — the most influential mathematics textbook ever written. Systematised Greek geometry and number theory via axiomatic method.
Entry planned — not yet written

Archimedes

c. 287–212 BCE · Syracuse
Greek
Derived π bounds, computed areas and volumes via proto-integral methods, invented the Method of Exhaustion.
Entry planned — not yet written

Āryabhaṭa I

476 – c. 550 CE · Kusumapura (Pāṭaliputra)
Indian
Composed the Āryabhaṭīya at age 23. Gave π to 4 decimal places, invented the kuṭṭaka algorithm, built the first sine table, and proposed Earth's rotation on its axis.
→ Āryabhaṭīya (live entry)

Medieval Period (500–1400 CE)

Brahmagupta

598 – c. 668 CE · Bhillamāla (Rajasthan)
Indian
Systematised arithmetic with zero and negative numbers in the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta (628 CE). Gave the formula for the area of a cyclic quadrilateral.
Entry planned — not yet written

Al-Khwārizmī

c. 780 – c. 850 CE · Baghdad
Islamic
Author of Al-Kitāb al-mukhtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-jabr wal-muqābala — giving us the words "algebra" and "algorithm." Transmitted Indian numerals to Islamic and European mathematics.
Entry planned — not yet written

Mādhava of Saṅgamagrāma

c. 1340 – c. 1425 CE · Kerala
Indian
Founder of the Kerala school. Discovered infinite series for π, sine, cosine, and arctangent — anticipating Gregory, Leibniz, and Newton by roughly two centuries.
Entry planned — not yet written

Qin Jiushao

c. 1202 – 1261 CE · Sichuan
Chinese
Developed the Chinese Remainder Theorem and Horner's method for polynomial evaluation in the Mathematical Treatise in Nine Sections (1247 CE).
Entry planned — not yet written

Early Modern (1400–1800 CE)

Leonhard Euler

1707–1783 CE · Basel / Berlin / St Petersburg
European
The most prolific mathematician in history. Contributions to analysis, graph theory, number theory, and notation (e, i, π, f(x), Σ). Proved Euler's identity eiπ + 1 = 0.
Entry planned — not yet written

Carl Friedrich Gauss

1777–1855 CE · Brunswick / Göttingen
European
Contributed to number theory (quadratic reciprocity, Disquisitiones Arithmeticae), statistics (normal distribution), differential geometry, and complex analysis.
Entry planned — not yet written

Modern Period (1800 CE–present)

Georg Cantor

1845–1918 CE · Saint Petersburg / Halle
European
Founded set theory. Proved that different infinite sets can have different sizes. Diagonalisation argument. Continuum Hypothesis.
→ Set (live entry)

Srinivasa Ramanujan

1887–1920 CE · Erode, Tamil Nadu
Indian
Self-taught genius who produced extraordinary results in number theory, infinite series, and modular forms. Collaborated with G.H. Hardy at Cambridge.
Entry planned — not yet written
Note: Person entries are added progressively. Cards marked "Entry planned" have no dedicated page yet. They appear here to indicate scope and to provide navigation context. Full entries will include biography, complete list of contributions, and links to all related works and theorems in the Codex.