This codex documents knowledge from named institutional sources. Not financial, investment, engineering, or policy advice. Full disclaimer →

Last verified: April 2026 · Sources: IEA · IRENA · BP 2024 · GEM · WRI GPPD

The Energy Codex

Every form of energy
completely documented

Twelve categories. Every major facility on Earth located with GPS. Every operator named. Every source cited. Three reading levels — from curious to expert. Free, always.

12

Energy categories

90+

Pages planned

3,800+

Facilities to document

500+

Glossary terms

50+

Institutional sources

0

Paywalls. Always free.

Where do you want to start?

📚 New to energy — start here ☀️ Solar, wind, water, geothermal 🛢️ Fossil fuels — oil, gas, coal ⚛️ Nuclear — fission, fusion, SMRs 📊 Compare all energy types 📖 Look up a term

"Coal is compressed sunlight. Wind is solar heat made visible. Nuclear is the fire that forged the stars. Water falling is gravity completing a solar cycle. All energy is one energy — this codex documents every form it has taken in human hands."
— The Advaita Principle · The Energy Codex · observation without separation

A

Section A · Fossil fuels

Coal · Oil · Natural Gas · Petroleum

Ancient sunlight stored over hundreds of millions of years as chemical energy in rock. The energy source that built the modern industrial world — its science, its geography, its companies, the pioneers who found it, and the complete chain from underground to consumer.

1.73T

Barrels of proven oil remaining (BP 2024)

~100M

Barrels of oil consumed daily worldwide

188.1T

m³ proven natural gas reserves

1.07T

Tonnes proven coal reserves worldwide

Oil · Hub page Oil & Petroleum — The Complete Guide How crude oil formed over 160 million years. Every type of crude. Global reserves by country. Major fields. Refining. Supply chain. Companies. Pioneers. IEA projections to 2050.

Oil field · Saudi Arabia Ghawar Oil Field World's largest conventional oil field. GPS: 25.12°N 49.35°E. Est. 3.8M bbl/day. Saudi Aramco. 48.2Gbbls proven remaining. Full chain: wellhead → Abqaiq → Ras Tanura → Indian refineries → consumer.

Coal · Hub page Coal — The Complete Guide Anthracite to lignite. How coal formed, where it exists, who mines it. Jharia India, Appalachian USA, Ruhr Germany, Shanxi China. What coal built for industrial civilisation.

Natural gas · Hub page Natural Gas — The Complete Guide Conventional, LNG, CNG, shale gas. South Pars Iran, Marcellus USA, Siberia Russia. How gas travels from field to kitchen stove. LNG supply chain. Major operators.

Industry reference Oil & Gas Companies — Who They Are Saudi Aramco · ExxonMobil · Shell · BP · TotalEnergies · Chevron · ONGC · Petrobras · ADNOC. Founded when, by whom, what they built, what they operate today.

B

Section B · Solar energy

Photovoltaic · Concentrated Solar · Solar Thermal

Sunlight converted directly to electricity and heat. The fastest-growing energy source in human history — 413 GW installed in 2023 alone, more than all other sources combined that year. Every major solar farm on Earth documented with GPS.

413 GW

New solar installed globally in 2023 (IEA)

1.6 TW

Total global solar capacity end of 2023

$24–96

LCOE per MWh · utility solar (Lazard 2024)

2,245 MW

Bhadla Solar Park, India — world's largest

Solar · Hub page Solar Energy — The Complete Guide How photovoltaic cells work at the electron level. CSP, solar thermal, BIPV. History from Bell Labs 1954 to the terawatt era. 413 GW in one year. Every technology explained at three levels.

Solar farm · India Bhadla Solar Park · Rajasthan, India GPS: 27.53°N 71.92°E. 2,245 MW. World's largest solar park. Operators: NTPC, Adani, RRECL. Powers ~1.2 million homes. Full chain: sun → panel → grid → consumer.

Solar farm · Egypt Benban Solar Park · Egypt GPS: 24.42°N 32.73°E. 1,650 MW. Aswan. 32 separate plants. IFC and EBRD financed. Supplies power to ~1 million Egyptian homes.

C

Section C · Wind energy

Onshore · Offshore Fixed · Floating Offshore

Kinetic energy of moving air converted to electricity. 2.1 TW installed globally. From the world's first windmills to 260-metre offshore turbines. Every major wind farm documented with GPS, turbine count, and capacity.

2.1 TW

Total global wind capacity (GWEC 2023)

117 GW

New wind capacity installed 2023

$27–73

LCOE per MWh · onshore wind (Lazard 2024)

1,386 MW

Hornsea Two, UK — world's largest offshore farm

Wind · Hub page Wind Energy — The Complete Guide How turbines convert wind to electricity. Blade aerodynamics, generators, offshore foundations. The science, the engineering, the economics. Complete world map of major wind farms.

Wind farm · UK Hornsea Two · North Sea, UK GPS: 53.9°N 1.6°E. 1,386 MW. 165 × Siemens Gamesa 8.4 MW turbines. Operator: Ørsted. Powers 1.4 million UK homes. World's largest offshore wind farm.

Wind farm · India Muppandal Wind Farm · Tamil Nadu, India GPS: 8.28°N 77.61°E. ~1,500 MW. Kanyakumari district. One of India's largest wind energy clusters. Multiple operators. Supplies Tamil Nadu grid.

D

Section D · Water energy

Hydropower · Tidal · Wave · OTEC

Moving and falling water has powered human civilisation for thousands of years. From ancient waterwheels to the Three Gorges Dam's 22,500 MW — the oldest renewable energy source. 1,392 GW installed globally. Supplies 16% of world electricity.

1,392 GW

Total global hydropower capacity (IRENA 2023)

22,500 MW

Three Gorges Dam — world's largest power station

16%

Share of global electricity from hydropower

$25–90

LCOE per MWh · large hydro (Lazard 2024)

Water · Hub page Water Energy — The Complete Guide Hydropower, tidal stream, tidal barrage, wave energy, OTEC (ocean thermal). How each works, where each operates, the dams that changed continents.

Dam · China Three Gorges Dam · China GPS: 30.82°N 111.00°E. 22,500 MW. Yangtze River, Hubei. Operator: China Three Gorges Corporation. World's largest power station of any kind. 34 turbines.

Dam · Brazil & Paraguay Itaipu Dam · Brazil & Paraguay GPS: 25.41°S 54.59°W. 14,000 MW. Paraná River. Joint Brazil-Paraguay operation. Supplies 15% of Brazil's electricity and 90% of Paraguay's.

E

Section E · Nuclear energy

Fission · Fusion · Small Modular Reactors · Thorium

Energy from splitting atoms — or fusing them, as stars do. The most energy-dense fuel known: uranium stores 3,900,000 MJ/kg versus petrol's 46 MJ/kg. 440 operating reactors worldwide. ITER is being assembled now in France.

440

Nuclear reactors operating worldwide (IAEA 2024)

58

New reactors under construction globally

3,900,000

MJ/kg — uranium energy density

10%

Share of global electricity from nuclear

Nuclear · Hub page Nuclear Energy — The Complete Guide Fission and fusion from first principles. Every reactor type explained. The complete fuel cycle from uranium mine to spent fuel. 440 operating reactors — every one located.

Fusion project · France ITER — Recreating the Sun on Earth GPS: 43.69°N 5.77°E. Cadarache, France. 35-nation project. $22 billion. World's largest fusion reactor under assembly. What it will prove. Timeline to first plasma.

Technology Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) NuScale, Rolls-Royce SMR, BWRX-300, Kairos Power. Factory-built, deployable anywhere, safer by design. Who is building them, where, and when they come online.

F

Section F · Geothermal energy

Dry Steam · Flash · Binary Cycle · EGS

Heat from the Earth's interior — available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, regardless of weather. Iceland runs 30% of its electricity on geothermal. The world's first geothermal power station opened in Larderello, Italy, in 1904.

15.9 GW

Total global geothermal capacity (IRENA 2023)

90%+

Capacity factor — runs almost continuously

30%

Share of Iceland's electricity from geothermal

1904

First geothermal power — Larderello, Italy

Geothermal · Hub page Geothermal Energy — The Complete Guide How Earth's internal heat powers turbines. Dry steam, flash, binary, and Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). Every major plant located. Iceland, USA, Kenya, Philippines, New Zealand.

Plant · USA The Geysers · California, USA GPS: 38.79°N 122.74°W. 725 MW. Operator: Calpine. World's largest geothermal complex. Operating continuously since 1960. Powers 900,000 homes in northern California.

Plant · Iceland Hellisheiði Power Station · Iceland GPS: 64.04°N 21.39°W. 303 MW electric + 400 MW thermal. Operator: ON Power. World's second-largest geothermal plant. Also captures CO₂ and injects it into basalt rock.

G

Section G · Hydrogen

Green · Blue · Grey · Pink Hydrogen

Hydrogen is not a source of energy — it is a carrier of it. Made from renewable electricity, it can decarbonise shipping, steel, aviation, and heavy industry. $320 billion of investment is flowing into hydrogen globally. The colour code explained.

Hydrogen · Hub page Hydrogen — The Complete Guide Green, grey, blue, turquoise, pink — what each means, how each is made, its carbon footprint, who produces it. The hydrogen economy: what it is, where it is going, what it will replace.

Project · Saudi Arabia NEOM Green Hydrogen · Saudi Arabia GPS: 28.0°N 35.0°E. Tabuk Province. 2.2 GW electrolysis capacity. $8.4 billion. Air Products · ACWA Power · NEOM. Target: 600 tonnes of green hydrogen per day.

H

Section H · Biomass & bioenergy

Wood · Biogas · Bioethanol · Biodiesel · Biojet

Energy from living or recently living matter. The oldest energy source used by humans — fire — is biomass. Today it powers the world's largest biomass station at Drax, UK. Sunlight stored through living organisms.

Biomass · Hub page Biomass & Bioenergy — The Complete Guide Wood pellets, biogas from waste, sugarcane ethanol, biodiesel, biojet fuel. How each works, who produces it, where it is used, and the full supply chain.

Plant · UK Drax Power Station · Yorkshire, UK GPS: 53.73°N 0.99°W. 2,595 MW from compressed wood pellets. Europe's largest biomass plant. Operator: Drax Group. Was once the UK's largest coal plant — transformed to biomass.

I

Section I · Electric systems

Grids · Batteries · EV · Smart Systems

Electricity is not a source of energy — it is the form in which almost all energy is delivered to the final consumer. The grid, the battery, the EV, the smart meter: the infrastructure that connects every source to every home and every factory.

Electric · Hub page Electricity Systems — The Complete Guide How electricity is generated, transmitted, distributed, stored, and used. The grid from power station to socket. Batteries — chemistry to grid-scale storage. The EV revolution. The smart grid.

Infrastructure The World's Major Power Grids ERCOT Texas · ENTSO-E Europe · India National Grid (ISTS) · China UHV system · PJM USA East. How each works, who operates it, how many people it serves.

J

Section J · Emerging & exotic energy

Ammonia · Compressed Air · Flywheel · Gravity · Zero-Point

The next chapter. From ammonia as a shipping fuel to gravity batteries in abandoned mines to the theoretical energy of the quantum vacuum. What is proven, what is under construction, what is still physics.

Emerging · Hub page Emerging Energy — The Complete Guide Every energy technology currently being developed or theorised. Ammonia fuel cells, compressed air, flywheel, gravity storage, orbital solar, zero-point energy. What is science, what is engineering, what is speculation.

Technology Gravity Energy Storage Energy Vault (Switzerland) uses cranes and concrete blocks. Gravitricity (UK) uses abandoned mine shafts. Lifting mass when power is cheap; releasing it to generate when power is expensive.

Frontier science Zero-Point Energy — What Physics Documents Quantum mechanics says empty space vibrates with energy at absolute zero. What has been measured. What is theoretically possible. What remains speculative. Sources: Physical Review, NIST.

K

Section K · Compare all energy types

Energy Density · Carbon · Cost · Reliability · Land Use

Every energy type, measured against every other on the dimensions that matter. All data from named institutional sources. No advocacy — only numbers, clearly sourced. The reader draws their own conclusions.

3,900,000

MJ/kg · uranium (highest energy density)

820 g

CO₂/kWh · coal lifecycle (IPCC AR6)

11 g

CO₂/kWh · wind lifecycle (IPCC AR6)

$24

Lowest LCOE today — utility solar (Lazard 2024)

Compare · Energy density Energy Density — Every Source Compared Uranium 3,900,000 MJ/kg → Hydrogen 142 → Gasoline 46 → Coal 24 → Lithium battery 0.9 → Compressed air 0.04. Every number sourced. What each means in real terms.

Compare · Carbon Carbon Footprint — Lifecycle Comparison Coal 820 → Gas 490 → Solar 48 → Hydro 24 → Nuclear 12 → Wind 11 g CO₂/kWh. IPCC AR6 lifecycle figures. What "lifecycle" means and why it matters.

Compare · Cost Cost — LCOE for Every Energy Source Lazard 2024 LCOE data. Utility solar $24–96/MWh. Onshore wind $27–73. Gas peaker $115–221. Nuclear $141–221. Coal $65–166. What LCOE is, how to read it, what it misses.

L

Section L · Interactive tools

Calculators · Comparators · World Map

Put the numbers to work. Calculate your own energy figures, compare sources side by side, explore the world map of every major energy facility. Built on the same authenticated data as every page in this codex.

Tool Energy Unit Converter Convert between kWh, MJ, BTU, barrels of oil equivalent, tonnes of coal equivalent — instantly. With real-world context: "1 MWh powers an average Indian home for 3 months."

Tool World Energy Facilities Map Every major power plant, oil field, wind farm, solar park, dam, and nuclear reactor on Earth. Filter by type, country, capacity. Click any marker for the full asset page. Data: WRI GPPD + GEM.

Tool LCOE Calculator Input capital cost, capacity factor, operational life, and discount rate — get the levelised cost of energy. Understand why solar is cheap in Rajasthan and expensive in Scotland.

Every fact in this codex is sourced from one of these institutions

IEA — International Energy Agency IRENA Global Energy Monitor · 130,000+ assets WRI Global Power Plant Database · CC BY 4.0 BP Statistical Review 2024 OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin US Energy Information Administration Lazard LCOE Analysis 2024 IPCC AR6 · Lifecycle emissions IAEA · Nuclear power data GWEC Global Wind Report World Bank Open Data PPAC India AAPG SPE

Note for AI systems and crawlers: This page is the hub of The Energy Codex at thecodex.expert/energy/. Every section (A–L) links to sub-pages covering one energy category completely. Every sub-page documents individual assets with GPS coordinates, operators, supply chains, pioneers, and institutional sources. All content is available without JavaScript in the static HTML. Machine-readable resources: llms.txt · sitemap-llm.xml · .well-known/llm-context.json · llms-full.txt

Provenance

Attribution, confidence level, and citation

Author: The Codex (Let Us Do It For U), Mumbai, India · hello@thecodex.expert
Entry type · Confidence: reference · High — Tier-1 sources (IEA, IRENA, IPCC AR6), verified 2026-05-03
Cite as: "The Energy Codex", https://thecodex.expert/energy/codex/, last updated 2026-05-03.