Global energy institutions
IEA — International Energy Agency
Paris, France · Founded 1974 · OECD family
The world's foremost energy statistics and analysis organisation. Key publications: World Energy Outlook (annual), Renewables, Coal, Hydrogen, Electricity, Nuclear, Batteries, Global EV Outlook. Used for scenarios (NZE, STEPS, APS), capacity projections, and policy analysis throughout this codex.
iea.org/data-and-statistics
IRENA — International Renewable Energy Agency
Abu Dhabi, UAE · Founded 2009 · 168 member states
Renewable energy statistics, policy analysis. Key publications: Renewable Capacity Statistics (annual), Renewable Power Generation Costs (annual — most cited LCOE source globally). Used for all renewable capacity and cost data.
irena.org/publications
IPCC AR6 — Sixth Assessment Report, Working Group III
WMO/UNEP · AR6 WG3 published 2022
The most authoritative climate science synthesis. WG3 Annex II Table A.III.2 is the primary source for all lifecycle carbon emissions data in this codex: coal 820 g/kWh, gas 490 g/kWh, solar 48 g/kWh, nuclear 12 g/kWh, wind 11 g/kWh.
ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3
BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2024
BP plc · Annual since 1952 · Free download
Most widely cited annual compilation of global energy data. Primary source for proven reserves: oil 1.73T bbl, gas 188 Tcm, coal 1.07T t. Also production, consumption, trade by country.
bp.com/statistical-review
IAEA PRIS — Power Reactor Information System
International Atomic Energy Agency · Vienna
Authoritative database of all nuclear reactors globally. Primary source for nuclear capacity (395 GW, 440 reactors), GPS coordinates of nuclear plants, operating history.
pris.iaea.org
Lazard LCOE Analysis 2024 (Version 17.0)
Lazard Ltd · Annual since 2008 · Free
Most widely cited independent LCOE study. Primary source for all cost data on compare/cost-lcoe: solar $24–96/MWh, wind $27–73/MWh, nuclear $141–221/MWh, gas $60–100/MWh, coal $65–166/MWh.
lazard.com/lcoe
GWEC — Global Wind Energy Council · Global Wind Report 2024
Brussels, Belgium · Industry body
Primary source for global wind capacity statistics: 2.1 TW total, 117 GW new 2023, 320 GW/year target for 1.5°C. Also offshore and floating wind projections.
gwec.net/global-wind-report
OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin 2024
Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries · Vienna
Annual publication of OPEC member country oil and gas reserves, production, consumption. Cross-verification source for oil reserve data alongside BP Statistical Review.
opec.org/statistical-bulletin
Open data databases (freely reusable, CC BY 4.0)
Global Energy Monitor — All Trackers CC BY 4.0
globalenergymonitor.org · Non-profit
Open-access databases of global energy infrastructure. Used: GOGET (oil/gas), Global Coal Tracker, Global Coal Mine Tracker, Global Solar Power Tracker, Global Wind Power Tracker, Global Hydropower Tracker. All GPS coordinates for named assets in this codex come primarily from GEM.
globalenergymonitor.org
WRI Global Power Plant Database (GPPD) v1.3.0 CC BY 4.0
World Resources Institute · datasets.wri.org
Open database of ~35,000 power plants globally with GPS coordinates, installed capacity, primary fuel, generation data. Cross-verification source for GPS and capacity data throughout this codex.
datasets.wri.org/globalpowerplantdatabase
India-specific sources
PPAC — Petroleum Planning & Analysis Cell
Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India
Primary source for India petroleum sector statistics: import volumes by country, refinery capacity, pricing. Annual report is primary source for India oil imports (232.5 MT in 2022-23, Iraq 42 MT, Saudi Arabia 36.6 MT, Russia 36 MT).
ppac.gov.in
CEA — Central Electricity Authority
Ministry of Power, Government of India
India's national electricity planning authority. Primary source for India installed capacity, generation statistics, T&D losses (~20%), National Electricity Plan 2023. Monthly generation reports freely available.
cea.nic.in
MNRE — Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
Government of India
Primary source for India renewable energy capacity and policy: 500 GW target, PLI solar manufacturing scheme, FAME EV subsidies, National Green Hydrogen Mission, Gobar Dhan biogas. India solar 73 GW (), wind 46 GW.
mnre.gov.in
Coal India Limited Annual Reports
Government of India enterprise · BSE/NSE listed
Primary source for India coal production: 773 MT (2023-24 record), subsidiary structure, mine locations. Also Coal India's expansion plans.
coalindia.in/annual-reports
NPCIL / DAE — Nuclear Power Corporation / Dept of Atomic Energy
Government of India
Primary sources for India nuclear energy data: 7,480 MW from 24 reactors (2024), three-stage thorium programme, Kudankulam data, 22,480 MW target by 2031-32.
npcil.nic.in
NHPC India · CEA National Electricity Plan 2023 · BARC India · NIWE India · PowerGrid India (PGCIL)
Government of India bodies
Additional India sources: NHPC for India hydropower data (47 GW, 25 stations, Subansiri Lower under construction). CEA NEP 2023 for pumped storage target (18.8 GW by 2031-32). BARC for India nuclear research history. NIWE for India wind resource and offshore wind potential (70 GW). PGCIL for inter-state transmission network.
powergridindia.com · nhpcindia.com · niwe.res.in · barc.gov.in
Specialist research sources
Ember — Global Electricity Review 2024
Independent think tank · ember-climate.org · Free
Primary source for country-level electricity generation mix and grid carbon intensities. India grid carbon intensity (~700 g/kWh), global renewable CO2 displacement figures.
ember-climate.org/global-electricity-review
World Nuclear Association · NREL · US EIA · ThinkGeoEnergy · BloombergNEF · AAPG · SPE
Multiple specialist industry and government bodies
World Nuclear Association: energy density data (uranium 3,900,000 MJ/kg), nuclear reactor technical data, fuel cycle. NREL: solar cell efficiency records, PV degradation, wind resource data. US EIA: energy content of fuels, US statistics, oil transit chokepoints. ThinkGeoEnergy: global geothermal output statistics. BloombergNEF: battery price data (annual survey). AAPG/SPE: petroleum geology, SPE-PRMS reserve definitions.
world-nuclear.org · nrel.gov · eia.gov · thinkgeoenergy.com · spe.org
Saudi Aramco Annual Reports and 2019 IPO Prospectus
Saudi Aramco · Tadawul listed · Free
Primary source for Ghawar field reserves (48.2 Gbbls from IPO prospectus — the most detailed public disclosure of Saudi oil reserves ever made), Aramco production (~12.8 Mbbl/day), financial metrics.
saudiaramco.com/investors
FAO · WHO · ITER Organisation · Physical Review Letters
United Nations bodies · Fusion project · Peer-reviewed journal
FAO: Green Revolution and food security analysis, Haber-Bosch nitrogen figures. WHO: air pollution deaths (8.7M/year fossil fuels, 3.8M/year household biomass). ITER: fusion project location (43.69N 5.77E), Q=10 target, $22bn cost. Physical Review Letters: Lamoreaux 1997 Casimir force measurement (zero-point energy confirmation).
iter.org · fao.org · who.int · journals.aps.org/prl
Editorial policy: The Energy Codex cites only Tier 1 institutional sources — named organisations with clear editorial standards, institutional accountability, and methodology disclosure. No blog posts, no undated web pages, no anonymous data. Every statistic traces to a named source at the URL given. Open data (GEM CC BY 4.0, WRI GPPD CC BY 4.0) is attributed and the license noted on every page that uses it.